[wiki] Sodium-ion batteries received academic and commercial interest in the 2010s and 2020s, largely due to the uneven geographic distribution, high environmental impact, and high cost of lithium. An obvious advantage of sodium is its natural abundance,[1] particularly in saltwater. No less important is the fact that cobalt, copper and nickel are not required for many types of sodium-ion batteries, and more abundant iron-based materials work well in Na+ batteries.

Electric vehicles using sodium-ion battery packs are not yet commercially available. However, research and development in the field of sodium-ion batteries has shown promising advancements, sparking optimism for their future integration into electric vehicles. The unique properties of sodium, such as its abundance and low cost, make it an attractive alternative to traditional lithium-ion batteries.

[ai] Scientists and engineers are actively working to overcome the technical challenges associated with sodium-ion technology, such as optimizing energy density and addressing issues related to the life cycle and overall performance of these batteries. As the demand for sustainable transportation solutions continues to grow, the emergence of commercially viable sodium-ion battery packs for electric vehicles appears to be on the horizon.

Ongoing efforts in academia and industry suggest that sodium-ion batteries could play a significant role in shaping the future of electric mobility, offering a more environmentally friendly and economically feasible option for powering electric vehicles.

Sodium-ion batteries, often referred to as "salt batteries," present several advantages that contribute to their appeal as a potential alternative to traditional lithium-ion batteries. Some of these advantages include:

1. Abundance and Low Cost: Sodium is abundantly available, making it a cost-effective alternative to lithium. This abundance contributes to lower manufacturing costs, potentially making sodium-ion batteries more economically viable on a large scale.
2. Reduced Environmental Impact: Sodium-ion batteries are considered more environmentally friendly than lithium-ion batteries. The mining and extraction processes for lithium can have ecological consequences, while sodium is more widely distributed and can be sourced with fewer environmental concerns.
3. Safety: Sodium-ion batteries are generally considered safer than lithium-ion batteries. Sodium does not pose the same risks of thermal runaway or combustion, reducing the likelihood of fire incidents. This enhanced safety profile is crucial for consumer acceptance and the overall viability of electric vehicles.
4. High Thermal Stability: Sodium-ion batteries exhibit high thermal stability, which is a critical factor in ensuring the safety and reliability of battery systems. This stability contributes to a reduced risk of overheating and enhances the overall safety of the battery technology.
5. Compatibility with Existing Infrastructure: Sodium-ion batteries share similarities with lithium-ion batteries in terms of their electrochemical properties. This compatibility makes it easier to integrate sodium-ion batteries into existing infrastructure designed for lithium-ion technology, simplifying the transition and facilitating the adoption of this alternative energy storage solution.
6. Long-Term Stability: Researchers are actively working on improving the long-term stability and cycle life of sodium-ion batteries. As advancements are made in electrode materials and battery design, sodium-ion batteries are expected to demonstrate increasingly competitive performance and longevity.
7. Diversity of Applications: Sodium-ion batteries have the potential to be applied in various settings beyond electric vehicles, including renewable energy storage and grid applications. Their versatility increases the scope of their impact in transitioning to more sustainable energy systems.

While sodium-ion batteries are still in the research and development stage, these advantages showcase their potential as a promising alternative to existing battery technologies, especially in the context of sustainable energy storage and electric mobility. Ongoing research and innovation in this field aim to address current limitations and further enhance the viability of sodium-ion batteries for widespread commercial use.

From: https://archive.ph/oyPBx

From: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium-ion_battery